Ecology Summary - Tor putitora

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Main Ref.	Menon, A.G.K., 1999
Remarks	Inhabit streams, riverine pools and lakes. Found in rapid streams with rocky bottom (Ref. 41236). Omnivorous, feeding on fish, zooplankton, dipteran larvae and plant matter (Ref. 40948). Juveniles subsist on plankton while fingerlings feed mainly on algae (Ref. 40948). Ascend streams to breed over gravel and stones and returns to perennial ponds after breeding. Feding intensity differs with the length of the fish, fishes ranging from 4-9 cm possess higher feeding intensity. Feeding intensity fell when the fish attains the length >19 cm (Ref. 56208). Depleting of food resources and water temperature in the Ganga River trigger the ascending trend of migration of T putitora (Ref. 56236).

Main Ref.

Menon, A.G.K., 1999

Remarks

Inhabit streams, riverine pools and lakes. Found in rapid streams with rocky bottom (Ref. 41236). Omnivorous, feeding on fish, zooplankton, dipteran larvae and plant matter (Ref. 40948). Juveniles subsist on plankton while fingerlings feed mainly on algae (Ref. 40948). Ascend streams to breed over gravel and stones and returns to perennial ponds after breeding. Feding intensity differs with the length of the fish, fishes ranging from 4-9 cm possess higher feeding intensity. Feeding intensity fell when the fish attains the length >19 cm (Ref. 56208). Depleting of food resources and water temperature in the Ganga River trigger the ascending trend of migration of T putitora (Ref. 56236).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Tor putitora may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79)
Feeding type Ref.	Shrestha, J., 1999
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	2.87	0.38			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Nautiyal, P. and M.S. Lal, 1984

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