Main Ref. | Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989 |
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Remarks | Frequent in marine coastal waters, brackish and freshwater habitats (Ref. 91637). Enters brackish estuaries (Refs. 3132, 127989) and mangrove areas (Ref. 7300). Occurs irregularly in the intertidal zone (Ref. 115963). Feeds on fishes and invertebrates (Refs. 7300, 127989). Omnivorous (Ref. 75154). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | FAO EastMed Project, 2013 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.41 | 0.47 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |