Main Ref. | Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras, 1986 |
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Remarks | Littoral, found near rocks mainly in eel-grass beds, sometimes in salty lagoons. Often gregarious. Nest of seaweed built and kept by male with one or more females spawning. Feeds on sea urchins, ophiuroids, bivalves, shrimps and crabs. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | : rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras, 1986 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras, 1986 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.25 | 0.26 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | 3.23 | 0.42 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Bell, J.D. and M.L. Harmelin-Vivien, 1983 |