Main Ref. | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
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Remarks | Common around rocky reefs and along continental coasts (Ref. 9276). Feeds on sea urchins, small crustaceans and mollusks, often blowing into sand to uncover prey or turn over urchins (Ref. 5227). Sessile-invertebrate feeder (Ref. 57615). Uncovers prey buried in the sand by lying on its side and rapidly undulating its dorsal and anal fins, thereby generating water currents that carry the sand away (Ref. 59310). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2006 |
Fonte Biblio. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Commento | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.27 | 0.35 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Fonte Biblio. |