Main Ref. | Gorbatenko, K.M. and E.N. Il'inskii, 1992 |
---|---|
Remarks | Epipelagic to mesopelagic (Ref. 31442). Adults move upward in large numbers at night (Ref. 28499). Feed on fishes, copepods and euphausiids (Ref. 11712); other benthic and planktonic organisms (Ref. 28107). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Gorbatenko, K.M. and E.N. Il'inskii, 1992 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.10 | 3.18 | 0.20 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
From individual food items | 3.61 | 0.51 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Gorbatenko, K.M. and E.N. Il'inskii, 1992 |