Main Ref. | Burchmore, J.J., D.A. Pollard, M.J. Middleton, J.D. Bell and B.C. Pease, 1988 |
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Remarks | Occur in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Ref. 75154). Juveniles may be found in a few centimeters of water off white sand beaches in association with accumulations of dead seaweed in the surf zone of southwestern Australian waters but are not recorded from estuarine waters (Ref. 6205). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Burchmore, J.J., D.A. Pollard, M.J. Middleton, J.D. Bell and B.C. Pease, 1988 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Burchmore, J.J., D.A. Pollard, M.J. Middleton, J.D. Bell and B.C. Pease, 1988 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.31 | 0.47 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |