Main Ref. | |
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Remarks | Found on rocky bottoms (Ref. 9563). Known in shallow estuaries from muddy environments to offshore reefs in kelp reef (Ref. 9002). Nocturnal species and juveniles are occasionally seen in large rock pools. Feed on a wide variety of invertebrates, mainly on crustaceans and fishes (Ref. 9003). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.01 | 0.66 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |