Main Ref. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1981 |
---|---|
Remarks | Benthic species. Young feeds on mysids; adults on tomcod, smelt, hake pollock, striped bass, herring, sand shrimp, amphipods, sand lance and seaweed. Parasites of the species include 2 protozoans, 3 trematodes, 1 cestode, 3 nematodes and 2 acanthocephalans (Ref. 5951). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1981 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1981 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.72 | 0.17 | 3.50 | 0.47 | Troph of juv./adults from 6 studies. |
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1981 |