Main Ref. | Hiatt, R.W. and D.W. Strasburg, 1960 |
---|---|
Remarks | Widespread in coral reefs (Ref. 9137, 58534). Common in shallow lagoons, reef flats, and sheltered seaward reefs. Usually in sandy areas adjacent to corals. Feeds on fishes and is active at night (Ref. 5213). A carnivore. Caught with artisanal gear (Refs. 2763, 9137). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Gell, F.R. and M.W. Whittington, 2002 |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Hiatt, R.W. and D.W. Strasburg, 1960 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Hiatt, R.W. and D.W. Strasburg, 1960 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.19 | 0.43 | 4.20 | 0.74 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. |
From individual food items | 4.37 | 0.77 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Harmelin-Vivien, M.L., 1979 |