Main Ref. | Stewart, K.W. and D.A. Watkinson, 2004 |
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Remarks | Prefers current: may be associated with lower water velocities but mostly moderately fast channel habitats (15-50 cm/sec), 2.5-5 meter depth, gravel to rubble substrate in Manitoba Escarpment streams, Less common in large rivers and along the shorelines of lakes; on sand, and in water usually less than 1 meter deep. A benthic-feeding predator of aquatic insect larvae; plant material may comprise up to 25% of the diet, fish eggs are taken as well (Ref. 54726). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.13 | 0.37 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |