Ecology Summary - Reinhardtius hippoglossoides

語言:

主要參考文獻	Bowering, W.R. and G.R. Lilly, 1992
附註	Often caught pelagically (Ref. 4705). Feeds on crustaceans (Ref. 4705, 6885), eelpouts, capelin, redfishes, deep sea prawns and other bottom invertebrates (Ref. 35388). Food also includes Atlantic cod, polar cod, young Greenland halibut, roundnose grenadier, barracudinas, sand lance and cephalopods (Ref. 5951). Greenland halibut <20 cm collected in the continental shelf <200 m deep, euphausiids were the important food. Fish >70 cm had a higher daily ration value (1.17% of body weight per day) than for two smaller size groups (0.66 and 0.64% of body weight per day for 30-49 and 50-69 size groups, respectively) (Ref. 55110). It is preyed upon by Greenland shark, white whales, narwhals, hooded seals, cod and salmon. Parasites of the species include 3 trematodes, Brachyphallus crenatus, Derogenes varicus and Fellidostomum furcigerum; and 1 nematode (Ref. 5951).

主要參考文獻

Bowering, W.R. and G.R. Lilly, 1992

附註

Often caught pelagically (Ref. 4705). Feeds on crustaceans (Ref. 4705, 6885), eelpouts, capelin, redfishes, deep sea prawns and other bottom invertebrates (Ref. 35388). Food also includes Atlantic cod, polar cod, young Greenland halibut, roundnose grenadier, barracudinas, sand lance and cephalopods (Ref. 5951). Greenland halibut <20 cm collected in the continental shelf <200 m deep, euphausiids were the important food. Fish >70 cm had a higher daily ration value (1.17% of body weight per day) than for two smaller size groups (0.66 and 0.64% of body weight per day for 30-49 and 50-69 size groups, respectively) (Ref. 55110). It is preyed upon by Greenland shark, white whales, narwhals, hooded seals, cod and salmon. Parasites of the species include 3 trematodes, Brachyphallus crenatus, Derogenes varicus and Fellidostomum furcigerum; and 1 nematode (Ref. 5951).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	河口/瀉湖/半鹹淡水海洋 mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds 洞專門地

Highighted items on the list are where Reinhardtius hippoglossoides may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

參考文獻
Associations	schooling; shoaling;
Associated with
Association remarks	Tagging experiments in Greenland waters between 1986 and 1998 to collect information on stock delineations, migration routes, and seasonal movements of fjord populations indicate that Greenland halibut migrate extensively between feeding and spawning areas and the seasonal pattern in the recovery of these fish indicates that Greenland halibut aggregate in the inner part of fjords during the second half of the year (when inshore waters are not covered with ice) (Ref. 94939). Are active swimmers and make extensive vertical migrations, spending less time at the bottom compared to other flatfishes. Larvae 27 mm and longer move vertically near the surface until they reach 70 mm, live at depths of about 250 m and drift with current; later they descend to greater depths (Ref. 86779).
Parasitism

進食

攝取食物的類型	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Bowering, W.R. and G.R. Lilly, 1992
攝取食物的習慣	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Bowering, W.R. and G.R. Lilly, 1992

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	最初的樣本		不捕獲族群		附註
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	附註
從食物內容	4.38	0.14	4.26	0.67	Troph of juv./adults from 12 studies.
從個別的食物項目	4.35	0.99			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
參考文獻	Bowering, W.R. and G.R. Lilly, 1992

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