Main Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
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Remarks | Occurs over rocky bottoms (Ref. 30573) of the continental shelf and continental slope (Ref. 75154). Feeds on fishes, shrimps, crabs, cephalopods, miscellaneous benthic invertebrates and pelagic organisms, including urochordates. Attains 50 cm FL (Ref. 58472). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers, 1996 |
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Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.04 | 3.66 | 0.50 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
From individual food items | 3.84 | 0.54 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Seki, M.P. and M.W. Callahan, 1988 |