Main Ref. | Philip, K.P., 1998 |
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Remarks | Uncommon species found in outer reef slopes and deep lagoon pinnacles from 8 to at least 80 m. In small aggregations, sometimes schools in oceanic locations (Ref. 48635). Feeds on small fish, crustaceans, and other small invertebrates (Ref. 5213). Demersal. Dwells in coral and rocky substrates. Carnivorous. Feeds on small fishes, crustaceans and small invertebrates (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Philip, K.P., 1998 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga, 1990 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.64 | 0.45 | 3.61 | 0.56 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 4.17 | 0.56 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Philip, K.P., 1998 |