Main Ref. | Muoneke, M.I., C.C. Henry and O.E. Maughan, 1992 |
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Remarks | Occurs in sand-bottomed and mud-bottomed pools and backwaters of creeks and small to large rivers, and lakes and ponds. Often found in turbid water. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Muoneke, M.I., C.C. Henry and O.E. Maughan, 1992 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Muoneke, M.I., C.C. Henry and O.E. Maughan, 1992 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.39 | 0.59 | 4.32 | 0.74 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.81 | 0.59 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Muoneke, M.I., C.C. Henry and O.E. Maughan, 1992 |