Main Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
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Remarks | Found over rocks and corals (Ref. 5213), as well as shallow weedy areas. Coastal demersal. Dwells in shallow reef and rocky areas, though it's hypothesized that they venture to deeper depths for spawning. Larvae navigate towards shallow reef areas which serve as nursery grounds (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Gell, F.R. and M.W. Whittington, 2002 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.99 | 0.66 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |