Main Ref. | Olund, L.J. and F.B. Cross, 1961 |
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Remarks | Inhabits sandy runs of small to large turbid rivers. Feeds mainly on terrestrial and aquatic insects, occasionally on small fishes (Ref. 1998, 10294, 12080). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Olund, L.J. and F.B. Cross, 1961 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Olund, L.J. and F.B. Cross, 1961 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.17 | 0.35 | 3.29 | 0.29 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.55 | 0.53 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Little, A.S., W.M. Tonn, R.F. Tallman and J.D. Reist, 1998 |