Main Ref. | Palomares, M.L.D., 1991 |
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Remarks | Inhabits lakes, ponds, pools of creeks, and rivers. Also found in brackish water and in salt lakes. Most commonly found in clear water near vegetation; tends to shoal near the shore during spring (Ref. 9988). Feeds on immature insects, larger invertebrates, fishes and fish eggs during the day. Preyed upon by fishes and birds (Ref. 1998). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | vegetation |
Special habitats Ref. | Frimodt, C., 1995 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Palomares, M.L.D., 1991 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Palomares, M.L.D., 1991 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.67 | 0.18 | 3.70 | 0.62 | Troph of juv./adults from 6 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.36 | 0.47 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Jansen, W.A. and W.C. Mackay, 1992 |