Main Ref. | Hobson, E.S., 1974 |
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Remarks | Forms small groups. Feeds on small benthic invertebrates, particularly crustaceans and polychaetes. Dwells in soft substrates between corals and rocks (Ref. 127989). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Hobson, E.S., 1974 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.54 | 0.26 | 3.20 | 0.32 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.73 | 0.32 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Hobson, E.S., 1974 |