Main Ref. | Love, M.S. and A.W. Ebeling, 1978 |
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Remarks | Found in seaweed forests (Ref. 9137). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Love, M.S. and A.W. Ebeling, 1978 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.93 | 0.42 | 3.93 | 0.64 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.98 | 0.66 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Love, M.S. and A.W. Ebeling, 1978 |