Main Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990 |
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Remarks | Inhabits hard bottoms (rock or rubble); the young occur near the coast. Feeds mainly on molluscs including cephalopods and crustaceans. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble; |
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Substrate Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.84 | 0.22 | 3.36 | 0.40 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.84 | 0.46 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Chakroun-Marzouk, N. and F. Kartas, 1987 |