Main Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
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Remarks | Found in caves or othe projections in the Indo-Pacific Region (Ref. 9137); also in coral reefs (Ref. 58534). Nocturnal species (Ref. 75154). Exhibits the black gut phenomenon. In nocturnal predators, it appears to serve to conceal bioluminiscent prey in the stomach cavity (Ref. 46685). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Shao, K.-T., C.-P. Lin, L.-T. Ho and P.-L. Lin, 1990 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.51 | 0.40 | 3.34 | 0.38 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.50 | 0.50 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |