Main Ref. | Gutowski, M.J. and J.R. Stauffer Jr., 1993 |
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Remarks | Inhabits rocky riffles and runs of clear, fast creeks and small to medium rivers (Ref. 5723). Feeds directly from the benthos. Is most active towards midnight. Locomotory activity levels increase after dusk (Ref. 28097). Consumes aquatic insect immatures and some small fish (Ref. 10294). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Gutowski, M.J. and J.R. Stauffer Jr., 1993 |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.31 | 0.43 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |