Main Ref. | Maigret, J. and B. Ly, 1986 |
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Remarks | Occur in midwater, usually below 400 m and occasionally in shallow water in the northern part of its range. Feed on crustaceans while swimming with its mouth open (Ref. 5377). Bathypelagic. Feeds on pelagic shrimp. Larvae can be found in shallower waters (90m), restricted over deep ocean (Ref. 117245). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist, 2018 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Maigret, J. and B. Ly, 1986 |
Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.50 | 3.50 | 0.50 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
From individual food items | 3.36 | 0.47 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |