Main Ref. | Burgess, W.E., 1989 |
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Remarks | Adults inhabit standing and flowing waters. Usually found among marginal vegetation in lakes and swamps with a mud substrate. Feed on plants, shrimps, insects, mollusks and fish (Ref. 6028). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Burgess, W.E., 1989 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Weliange, W.S. and U.S. Amarasinghe, 2007 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.14 | 0.12 | 3.11 | 0.32 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.97 | 0.65 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Weliange, W.S. and U.S. Amarasinghe, 2007 |