Main Ref. | Hobson, E.S., 1974 |
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Remarks | Inhabits coral reefs (Ref. 58534); reef flats and seaward slopes to depths of more than 52 m where it is found in groups in caves and under ledges (Ref. 1602). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feeds mainly on polychaetes, also on crab megalops, hermit crab larvae, and larvae of alpheid shrimps (Ref. 12419). Forms large schools in oceanic locations (Ref. 48635). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs: reef slope/drop-offs; reef flats; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Hobson, E.S., 1974 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.62 | 0.18 | 3.41 | 0.41 | Troph of juv./adults from 4 studies. |
From individual food items | 4.50 | 0.80 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. | Dee, A.J. and J.D. Parrish, 1994 |