Main Ref. | Bigorne, R., 1990 |
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Remarks | Adults prefer deep quiet water between boulders and below overhangs, away from strong currents. Also occurs beneath Salvinia mats and in river estuaries in Lake Kariba. Juveniles prey on invertebrates, mainly shrimps and insect larvae. Larger individuals feed on small cichlids, minnows and labeos. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Bigorne, R., 1990 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Bigorne, R., 1990 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.77 | 0.61 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Kouamélan, P.E., G.G. Teugels, G. Gourène, D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde and F. Ollevier, 2000 |