Main Ref. | Keith, P., G. Marquet, P. Valade, P. Bosc and E. Vigneux, 2006 |
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Remarks | Occur in estuaries and lower parts of the rivers at juvenile and immature adult stages in slow-running waters on sandy bottoms. Mature females stay on shallow marine bottoms; males are pelagic (Ref. 57749). Burrowing species (Ref. 75154). Reproduction occurs offshore. Leptocephali migrate to the littoral to follow up with their growth. Feed on fish and invertebrates, especially crustaceans (Ref. 57749). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Harmelin-Vivien, M.L., 1979 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Harmelin-Vivien, M.L., 1979 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.08 | 0.14 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. | ||
From individual food items | 3.87 | 0.63 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Harmelin-Vivien, M.L., 1979 |