Ecology Summary - Micropogonias furnieri

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Main Ref.	Isaac, V.J., 1988
Remarks	Found over muddy and sandy bottoms in coastal waters and in estuaries where the nursery and feeding grounds are located. Adults form schools. Feeding habits vary with ontogenic development and season; juveniles feed on benthic migratory crustaceans and sessile boring mollusks while adults are benthos-feeders and occasionally capture fish (Ref. 27). Juveniles <10 cm TL ate prey items almost as large as their mouth opening, whereas juveniles >10 cm TL were capable of consuming larger prey items than those in their stomachs, indicating that the maximum size of prey eaten was not constrained by mouth gape (Ref. 55704). Undergoes seasonal migration.

Main Ref.

Isaac, V.J., 1988

Remarks

Found over muddy and sandy bottoms in coastal waters and in estuaries where the nursery and feeding grounds are located. Adults form schools. Feeding habits vary with ontogenic development and season; juveniles feed on benthic migratory crustaceans and sessile boring mollusks while adults are benthos-feeders and occasionally capture fish (Ref. 27). Juveniles <10 cm TL ate prey items almost as large as their mouth opening, whereas juveniles >10 cm TL were capable of consuming larger prey items than those in their stomachs, indicating that the maximum size of prey eaten was not constrained by mouth gape (Ref. 55704). Undergoes seasonal migration.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Micropogonias furnieri may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Soft Bottom
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Isaac, V.J., 1988
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Isaac, V.J., 1988

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	3.09	0.11	3.21	0.39	Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies.
From individual food items	3.27	0.44			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994

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