Main Ref. | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
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Remarks | Usually occurs in shallow rocky areas; in tidepools and at depths up to 6.1 m. Feeds on algae and small invertebrates. Omnivore (Ref. 58686). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | : rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: rock; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 2.70 | 0.26 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | 2.82 | 0.26 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Boyle, K.S. and M.H. Horn, 2006 |