Main Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988 |
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Remarks | Occurs in brackish estuaries and adjacent marine areas; penetrates freshwater (Ref. 5217). Forms moderate schools. Usually migrating from estuaries or the sea, but possibly the limnichthys of Lake Maracaibo and the amazonensis represent purely freshwater forms. In freshwater, it feeds principally on small fishes, prawns and copepods; also insect larvae. At sea, it feeds on fishes, various crustaceans, benthic organisms and zooplankton (Ref. 189). Consumed fish for more than 65% relative occurrence of its diet (Ref. 76754). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.67 | 0.67 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |