Main Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
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Remarks | Occurs inshore (Ref. 75154). Adults inhabit coral reef areas, usually close to shelter in the form of caves, large coral formations and wreckage. Usually solitary; occasionally occurring in small groups. They feed mainly on fishes and benthic crustaceans, primarily crabs (Ref. 55, 37816) at night. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | Shao, K.-T. and L.-S. Chen, 1992 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
مرجع | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Usually solitary; occasionally occurring in small groups (Ref. 37816). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.27 | 0.74 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
مرجع |