Main Ref. | Sazima, I. and A. Carvalho-Filho, 2003 |
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Remarks | Occurs in coastal streams and rivulets under tidal influence, in sites with no (backwater) to medium water-flow (up to 0.2 m/s) and salinity of 0-9 ppt at ebb tide to 12-35 ppt at high tide. Observed to perch on submersed branches, where its cryptic pattern renders it very difficult to spot. When on the underside of a branch, it grasps the algal fronds with its pelvic fins and spreads its pectoral fins to anchor itself among the fronds. It swims slowly with its body curved in an oblique head-up posture, covering distances of up to 1.5 m, resembling a half-waterlogged leaf moving slowly on the water flow. Preys on small arthropods dwelling on algal growth and within decaying wood with mostly isopod and amphipod crustaceans (Ref. 49399). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Munro, G.R., 2001 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Munro, G.R., 2001 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.37 | 0.50 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |