Main Ref. | Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989 |
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Remarks | Occurs inshore (Ref. 75154). Inhabits shallow seagrass beds, reef flats, lagoons, and sandy areas near coral reefs. Feeds on benthic invertebrates and small fish. Also caught with beach seines and handlines and is marketed fresh (Ref. 9775). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rubble; |
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Substrate Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; sea grass; Coral Reefs: reef flats; lagoons; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.01 | 0.64 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |