Main Ref. | Nakamura, I., 1995 |
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Remarks | Benthopelagic on the continental shelf and slope, up to a depth of 400 m or more; generally found over sandy bottoms at a depth between 100 and 250 m. During cold season, it is often seen near the surface at nights when the moon is full. May also be encountered in surge zones and sometimes observed to be beached in large numbers by the shore. A schooling species which feeds on cephalopods, euphausiids and small fishes, including Engraulis mordax and juvenile Merluccius productus. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Nakamura, I., 1995 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Nakamura, I., 1995 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.11 | 0.59 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |