Main Ref. | Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993 |
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Remarks | Adults occur well offshore on rocky bottoms. Juveniles may be found inshore and are often reported from the northeastern coast of the U.S. Adults feed on fishes, gastropods, cephalopods, and brachyuran crustaceans. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.04 | 0.58 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |