Main Ref. | Russell, B.C., 1983 |
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Remarks | Occurs in inshore waters. Forms schools for spawning during mid summer (Ref. 9258). Feeds mainly on larger zooplankton like mysids, crab larvae and polychaete larvae (Ref. 26966). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | schooling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Russell, B.C., 1983 |
Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
Feeding habit Ref. | Russell, B.C., 1983 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.20 | 0.26 | 3.15 | 0.28 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.22 | 0.38 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Russell, B.C., 1983 |