Main Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale, 1989 |
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Remarks | Found on the outer continental shelf and upper slope, on or near the bottom (Ref. 244). May occur in shallower water in the temperate region than off tropical and subtropical areas. Feeds mainly on pelagic bony fishes, also fish offal, hagfish eggs, crustaceans, and cephalopods (Ref. 5578). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Cortés, E., 1999 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Macpherson, E., 1989 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.16 | 0.49 | 4.02 | 0.55 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 4.13 | 0.63 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Cortés, E., 1999 |