Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
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Remarks | Inhabits clear reefs (Ref. 5217). Nocturnal (Ref. 37108). Found near mouths of caves and holes (Ref. 26938); at night they usually move to sandy areas and grass beds to feed on crabs, shrimps, gastropods and brittle stars (Ref. 3724). Carnivore (Ref. 57616). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | : sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992 |
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Associations | |
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Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.51 | 0.37 | 3.41 | 0.48 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.49 | 0.54 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |