Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
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Remarks | Inhabits rock jetties, rocky reefs and rich coral areas. Juveniles often associated with fire corals (Ref. 9710). Feeds on tunicates, sponges, zoantharians and algae. Omnivore (Ref. 57616). Sessile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 126840). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | : rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; Other habitats: deep-water corals; |
Special habitats Ref. | Simon, T., H.T. Pinheiro, R.L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, L.A. Rocha, A.S. Martins, E. Mazzei, R.B. Francini-Filho, G.M. Amado-Filho and J.-C. Joyeux, 2016 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | Cleaned by Elacatinus figaro observed off the coast of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil (Ref. 40102). |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2005 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2005 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.01 | 0.03 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. | ||
From individual food items | 3.04 | 0.18 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |