Main Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., 1984 |
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Remarks | Inhabits sand flat and rocky, boulder strewn reef areas, with sand between outcroppings in inshore continental and insular waters. Feeds on shellfish, crabs, and small invertebrates. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.54 | 0.50 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |