Main Ref. | Hobson, E.S., 1974 |
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Remarks | Inhabit open water off the reef edge (Ref. 6113), to depths greater than 35 m (Ref. 9710). Form large schools. Feed on zooplankton and algae (Ref. 4864, 5503) above the reef (Ref. 5372). Is mainly a diurnal planktivore that feeds mainly copepods, but also feeds on benthic organisms especially alcyonarians (Ref. 13550). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Gell, F.R. and M.W. Whittington, 2002 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Hobson, E.S., 1974 |
Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.33 | 0.20 | 3.07 | 0.24 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 2.85 | 0.25 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Hobson, E.S., 1974 |