Main Ref. | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
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Remarks | Found near drop-offs and among rock out-croppings over sand and rock, in depths greater than 10 meters. Feeds on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 28023). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Medina, M., M. Araya and C. Vega, 2004 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.28 | 0.60 | 4.19 | 0.61 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.98 | 0.58 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Medina, M., M. Araya and C. Vega, 2004 |