Main Ref. | Seehausen, O., E. Lippitsch, N. Bouton and H. Zwennes, 1998 |
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Remarks | Inhabits various stony and rocky habitats, including stone-sand mixed substrates. It is generally more abundant at gently sloping shores with small and medium sized rock boulders. Females, nonterritorial males and subadults are gregarious and forage in groups. Feeds on a variety of food items such as diatoms, filamentous epilithic algae, detritus, insect larvae and Bryozoa. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Seehausen, O., E. Lippitsch, N. Bouton and H. Zwennes, 1998 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Seehausen, O., E. Lippitsch, N. Bouton and H. Zwennes, 1998 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 2.58 | 0.23 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |