Main Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
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Remarks | Found in river mouths and coastal sandy bottoms of less than 100 m depth. Although a small specimen was collect ed in a river mouth, other similarly-sized specimens were usually captured by a small trawl within 30-50 m over sandy bottoms. According to observations, the species seems to school over sandy bottoms near the rocky shore from summer to early winter. Often, similarly-sized specimens were observed in set net captures within 15-50 meters (Ref. 56360). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.97 | 0.65 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |