Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990 |
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Remarks | Inhabits shallow protected coral reefs and nearby silty sand and rubble bottoms. Feeds mainly on hard-shelled prey, including molluscs, crustaceans and sea urchins. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Westneat, M.W., 2001 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Westneat, M.W., 2001 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.37 | 0.40 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |