Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
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Remarks | A benthic and solitary species (Ref. 26340) inhabiting rocky shores and reefs where water is clear. Specializes on fish as prey. Has strong preference to move and feed on inclement nights, wherein fish consumption was greater at this state (Ref. 54519). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Martin, F.D. and J.W. Patus, 1984 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.26 | 0.62 | 4.18 | 0.68 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 4.20 | 0.65 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |