Ecology of Glyptocephalus cynoglossus
 
Main Ref. Nielsen, J.G., 1986
Remarks Inhabits soft mud bottoms in fairly deep water (Ref. 9988). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on crustaceans, polychaetes, brittle stars (Ref. 9988) and fishes (Ref. 58426). It is preyed upon by harp seals. Parasites of the species include 4 protozoans, 11 trematodes, 6 nematodes, 2 acanthocephalans and 1 copepod (Ref. 5951). See also Ref. 9000 for diet composition.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Glyptocephalus cynoglossus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate Soft Bottom
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations schooling; shoaling;
Associated with
Association remarks Two areas of concentrated spawning activity in the western and northern portions of the Gulf of Maine were identified, juveniles and adults appeared to be segregated by depth, but the relative position of the life stages with respect to depth varied seasonally (Ref. 94954). Low respiration rate reflects its sedentary, benthic nature (Ref. 54088). Larvae and juveniles from spawning stock north of Cape Cod travel southward being carried by water currents flowing west from Georges Bank. In the Gulf of Maine, no evidence of seasonal movement inshore or offshore. However, in Swedish waters observed to work up into shoaler water in autumn and back to deeper water in late winter and spring (Ref. 86779).
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Nielsen, J.G., 1986
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref. Nielsen, J.G., 1986
Trophic Level(s)
Estimation method Original sample Unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 3.17 0.15 3.11 0.20 Troph of adults from 3 studies.
From individual food items 3.45 0.41 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref. Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. oophagy)
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