Main Ref. | Russell, B.C., 1983 |
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Remarks | Lives in subtidal areas and is rarely found in intertidal areas. Feeds on organisms which inhabit encrusting rock growths, with amphipods and hermit crabs being the dominant food items (Ref. 26966). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Russell, B.C., 1983 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Russell, B.C., 1983 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.43 | 0.28 | 3.27 | 0.37 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.39 | 0.56 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Russell, B.C., 1983 |