Main Ref. | Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer, 1999 |
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Remarks | Occur in rocky areas of the shelf and upper continental slope. Juveniles found in shallow waters than adults (Ref. 36731). Feed on dragonets, mantis shrimps, hake, squid, and various fishes (Ref. 27121). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer, 1999 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Macpherson, E., 1989 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.44 | 0.61 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |