Ecology Summary - Esox americanus

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Main Ref.	Bigelow, H.B., D.M. Cohen, M.M. Dick, R.H. Gibbs Jr., M. Grey, J.E. Morrow Jr., L.P. Schultz and V. Walters, 1964
Remarks	Live in lakes, swamps, and backwaters, and sluggish pools of streams. Occur usually among vegetation in clear water (Ref. 5723, 10294). Also found in brush piles, overhanging brush or rocks and boulders in areas lacking vegetation. Rarely occur in rivers (Ref. 4639). In winter, they are found associated with dead leaf litter (Ref. 39089). Juveniles are found in flood pools and rivulets among exposed roots, twigs, leaves, and grass in 7.6-10.2 cm of water (Ref. 39088). Larvae are sometimes found in very shallow water in roadside ditches, also in dead leaf litter (Ref. 39089). Juveniles feed on invertebrates, while adults consume sunfish, darters, and minnows (Ref. 10294).

Main Ref.

Bigelow, H.B., D.M. Cohen, M.M. Dick, R.H. Gibbs Jr., M. Grey, J.E. Morrow Jr., L.P. Schultz and V. Walters, 1964

Remarks

Live in lakes, swamps, and backwaters, and sluggish pools of streams. Occur usually among vegetation in clear water (Ref. 5723, 10294). Also found in brush piles, overhanging brush or rocks and boulders in areas lacking vegetation. Rarely occur in rivers (Ref. 4639). In winter, they are found associated with dead leaf litter (Ref. 39089). Juveniles are found in flood pools and rivulets among exposed roots, twigs, leaves, and grass in 7.6-10.2 cm of water (Ref. 39088). Larvae are sometimes found in very shallow water in roadside ditches, also in dead leaf litter (Ref. 39089). Juveniles feed on invertebrates, while adults consume sunfish, darters, and minnows (Ref. 10294).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Esox americanus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.	Jones, P.W., F.D. Martin and J.D. Hardy Jr., 1978
Special habitats	Beds: others;
Special habitats Ref.	Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991

Associations

Ref.	Ming, A.D., 1968
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt and C.K. Minns, 2001
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt and C.K. Minns, 2001

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	3.65	0.56			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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